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Design-Based vs. Model-Based Inference
Design-Based vs. Model-Based Inference
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Question 1 of 5
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foundation (3/10)
conceptual
In design-based survey inference, what is the source of randomness, and what is treated as fixed?
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A.
Both population values and the sampling mechanism are random with independent distributions, since survey inference uses two sources of uncertainty.
B.
The sample values are fixed once observed, and the population is a probability distribution over hypothetical realizations of those sample values.
C.
Population values are random draws from a superpopulation distribution, while the sampling mechanism is treated as fixed and deterministic.
D.
Population values
y
1
,
…
,
y
N
are fixed unknown constants, and the only randomness comes from the sampling design
p
(
S
)
that picks the units.
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